{"id":"W4220671018","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2040637","title":"Optimizing Individual and Collective Reliability: A Puzzle","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Epistemology","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Independence (probability theory); Reliability (semiconductor); Voting; Crowds; Democracy; Sociology; Epistemology; Positive economics; Computer science; Political science; Economics; Law; Mathematics; Philosophy; Power (physics); Statistics; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03243337,0.0006855054,0.002222474,0.00142718,0.003253193,0.006319073,0.002175548,0.004366524,0.00578812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09765691,0.0007783311,0.0011603,0.001159724,0.0166116,0.01437146,0.007487261,0.007266196,0.001209103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003471677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001954524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001082255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9727151,0.01444506,0.001247656,0.003954807,0.005691008,0.001946254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8973305,0.06877268,0.01038381,0.01393809,0.00587935,0.003695562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001427026,0.0000764525,0.00357554,0.000216285,0.0001060971,0.000130853,0.002285094,0.007706631,0.0006370686,0.944275,0.003796806,0.03705151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003491424,0.00003182463,0.001802067,0.00006001355,0.00002135466,0.00006267273,0.0006717915,0.00402949,0.0002962968,0.988896,0.00406493,0.00002864554],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2920405,0.007115949,0.330269,0.1469928,0.000859415,0.0001883461,0.0003475307,0.0003486164,0.2218378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801871,0.0007730854,0.01279354,0.002000474,0.0004845297,0.0001301289,0.00004027738,0.0001184817,0.003472297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03243337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1715261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06759999381491154,"score_gpt":0.2768628382142547,"score_spread":0.2092628443993431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}