{"id":"W4220711675","doi":"10.1038/s41588-022-01016-z","title":"Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Genetics","topic":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":689,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Toronto","funders":"National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian Research Council; Medical Research Council; National Institute of Mental Health; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Oulun Yliopisto; Department of Education and Training; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Vetenskapsrådet; Genome Canada; Lundbeckfonden; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; University of South Australia; University of Queensland; National Institutes of Health; Open Philanthropy Project; Netherlands Heart Institute; Imperial College London; Ontario Genomics Institute; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Li Ka Shing Foundation; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen; National Institute on Aging; Pershing Square Foundation; Economic and Social Research Council; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; School of Public Health, Imperial College London; Ontario Genomics; Ragnar Söderbergs stiftelse; Government of Canada","keywords":"Genome-wide association study; Biology; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Genetics; Genetic association; Genome; Multifactorial Inheritance; Genotype; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001463195,0.0003758395,0.0003908307,0.0009246683,0.0006969483,0.0006508603,0.0003238262,0.0005002241,0.002347906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004677505,0.0002241136,0.0008633014,0.001263376,0.000346168,0.0002639631,0.0007827612,0.0006638707,0.000318536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001944663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002458868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004510473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006911503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990753,0.0003568294,0.0000638377,0.0002976498,0.0001039431,0.0001024271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982892,0.0007171433,0.0004473159,0.0002335088,0.00009121602,0.0002216692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002415675,0.00003275337,0.987823,0.00002040378,0.0005912248,0.0003691647,0.0001362079,0.0005600842,0.002931267,0.0003644112,0.0005148902,0.006415016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003002512,0.00005244015,0.9945095,0.00001624827,0.000302242,0.0004517226,0.00007867576,0.002260005,0.0004820665,0.001113911,0.0006917128,0.00001129013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966241,0.000315541,0.0016978,0.0001453078,0.00001098765,0.000005793251,0.0006966353,0.00004511636,0.0004588704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980279,0.0001310007,0.0009429633,0.0000522551,0.00001221552,0.000009958138,0.0006211376,0.00001054206,0.0001918662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004510473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008968413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01431886919613187,"score_gpt":0.2884911903171365,"score_spread":0.2741723211210046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}