{"id":"W4220727497","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac234","title":"Effects of Confounding Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Test-Negative Designs Due to Correlated Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; MD Precision (Canada)","funders":"Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences","keywords":"Medicine; Confounding; Vaccination; Influenza vaccine; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Immunology; Disease; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001989513,0.0004563926,0.001165045,0.0008812195,0.0004610228,0.00007087335,0.0002142555,0.0002023791,0.00006156044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06797317,0.0004505297,0.0002352874,0.001388535,0.0002769648,0.0002408773,0.000564331,0.0008078796,0.00001645505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001067369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001966216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001597768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001734006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947444,0.001860835,0.001134145,0.001039946,0.0006599954,0.000560633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9699379,0.02758621,0.0003986069,0.0004766208,0.0002581866,0.001342496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005547998,0.002641255,0.9836335,0.001699005,0.0001521738,0.0009617078,0.0003805247,0.0003189016,0.001335078,0.00007153348,0.0001221998,0.00313609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01744693,0.003587982,0.9726068,0.000195513,0.0006726434,0.00004967813,0.0001400032,0.000537594,0.0005766549,0.001458014,0.002283424,0.0004447669],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926646,0.002040303,0.0004581544,0.0001465892,0.0002721356,0.003956897,0.0002201909,0.0002158415,0.00002533604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9497524,0.00003413682,0.000009769359,0.04910461,0.00007267879,0.0009381688,0.00001773821,0.00006434834,0.000006171238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06598365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1560593693692383,"score_gpt":0.4861383509246068,"score_spread":0.3300789815553685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}