{"id":"W4220769771","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114740","title":"Complementary effects of torrefaction and pelletization for the production of fuel pellets from agricultural residues: A comparative study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial Crops and Products","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Pelletizing; Pellets; Pellet; Biomass (ecology); Canola; Pulp and paper industry; Solid fuel; Heat of combustion; Materials science; Biofuel; Chemistry; Waste management; Combustion; Food science; Agronomy; Composite material; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001374362,0.00008971759,0.0001598006,0.00002901772,0.0001128475,0.0000102194,0.00006313399,0.00002538873,0.00002039893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001073285,0.00006424904,0.00001322342,0.0001750096,0.00004589404,0.00006509631,0.00005423196,0.000105123,1.336146e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002444769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001309635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001455768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001374915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999374,0.00006273508,0.0001821402,0.0001744543,0.0001354335,0.00007120657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994994,0.0002226868,0.00008779867,0.00009454464,0.00007891078,0.00001666325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006362349,0.00020701,0.002519487,0.0004066564,0.0002786689,5.047991e-7,0.01318436,0.0005930296,0.9668453,0.00002873957,0.01019696,0.005102979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00162299,0.0005911603,0.009615235,0.00003620079,0.0001631067,0.000002378369,0.01127578,0.00006448628,0.9737011,0.00008803309,0.002693783,0.0001457986],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964559,0.001135002,0.00000634462,0.0003752291,0.0007181289,0.001234125,0.00004456809,0.00002153338,0.000009173646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996065,0.0000289958,0.00003707169,0.000003327827,0.0001995223,0.00004958067,0.00004078962,0.000006207799,0.0000279648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007503179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03333782332216027,"score_gpt":0.2377856018100134,"score_spread":0.2044477784878531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}