{"id":"W4220770038","doi":"10.1109/jproc.2022.3158607","title":"A Review of Modeling and Applications of Energy Storage Systems in Power Grids","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Siemens (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Energy storage; Renewable energy; Smart grid; Electric power system; Grid; Computer science; Distributed generation; Variable renewable energy; Context (archaeology); Intermittent energy source; Flywheel energy storage; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005153649,0.001352873,0.001162756,0.001864093,0.0002853696,0.001107214,0.001028137,0.00108802,0.004889554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008542259,0.0005333303,0.0006567349,0.004327044,0.0003736253,0.001957465,0.0005873059,0.001109624,0.003156445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004777726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001183763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001624014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001604426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997422,0.00003911918,0.00004077562,0.00004645695,0.0001152352,0.00001619849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995192,0.0002404046,0.0000458371,0.00002539453,0.0001526196,0.00001651248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000453973,0.00007743048,0.0002882024,0.0167684,0.0000866423,0.0001821968,0.0000977466,0.01036819,0.002377348,0.0247687,0.04735706,0.8975827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008659202,0.0001004188,0.0005389057,0.003981197,0.00009617556,0.0005642932,0.00006213346,0.003593409,0.0009542402,0.009306164,0.9807575,0.00003704088],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004639427,0.9837248,0.007180109,0.0004226523,0.0005949645,0.0000217066,0.0001180341,0.00006720201,0.007406638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003274486,0.9905956,0.002959386,0.0001879736,0.000496064,0.00001919401,0.0001610046,0.00001528205,0.002291013],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004889554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01635718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.014276948095016,"score_gpt":0.226660333021062,"score_spread":0.212383384926046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}