{"id":"W4220852325","doi":"10.3390/en15062209","title":"Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; Hydrothermal carbonization; Process engineering; Raw material; Process (computing); Computer science; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Carbonization; Engineering; Business; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001034159,0.0002579317,0.0009079028,0.00009539779,0.00003556776,0.00001099994,0.0002962722,0.0001083147,0.0007265967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001013893,0.000242288,0.0002365817,0.0003564514,0.00005466006,0.0000625657,0.0001006775,0.0002022168,0.000007779525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006646985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009290969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001199112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.764658e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988051,0.0000584925,0.000508128,0.000206512,0.000271874,0.0001498662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994066,0.0002649902,0.00006292302,0.0001941369,0.00002903411,0.00004232475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001008991,0.00002756404,6.578337e-8,0.2794604,0.0001918643,0.00000602895,0.00005648774,0.2129177,0.000003009692,0.002740807,0.0004107359,0.5041844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009846271,0.00001729339,6.413681e-9,0.03768776,0.0008801809,0.00005018953,0.0000589512,0.08348611,0.0001183255,0.0004821776,0.8763148,0.0008057819],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003829098,0.9971488,0.0005499702,0.00001202245,0.0001318086,0.0001548439,0.00003511057,0.0001843931,0.001779269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004932609,0.9981633,0.000882192,0.00001683052,0.00005485317,0.0001321776,0.0001701974,0.0000678978,0.00001929866],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.875904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9880217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0909046085727339,"score_gpt":0.2787093314209635,"score_spread":0.1878047228482296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}