{"id":"W4220909344","doi":"10.1142/s0218271822300142","title":"Alternative ideas in cosmology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Cosmology; Dark energy; Theoretical physics; Non-standard cosmology; Lambda-CDM model; Standard Model (mathematical formulation); Physics beyond the Standard Model; Big Bang (financial markets); Particle physics; Astrophysics; Metric expansion of space","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004428231,0.001002293,0.0006921689,0.00323433,0.002579932,0.006340306,0.002012814,0.003833969,0.01126562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004281539,0.0003150609,0.0008916036,0.002077529,0.01750259,0.01393193,0.004325774,0.005725942,0.002727324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003519669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001026183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001378411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001250863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996757,0.001581668,0.0001624024,0.0005970952,0.0006717414,0.0002301613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981865,0.0008845975,0.0001490504,0.0003419964,0.0002820078,0.0001557526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001642111,0.000001572344,0.00002421396,0.00001261275,0.000001237905,0.00001434483,0.0001562173,0.00003516987,0.000009355757,0.9974101,0.0009392994,0.001394209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004450001,0.000005457957,0.00006024236,0.00004137109,0.000001712112,0.00007896787,0.0001642913,0.0002720781,0.00001756461,0.9402465,0.059102,0.00000530731],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01338026,0.0814651,0.09591734,0.06467579,0.005757923,0.0000707906,0.0003409863,0.0002443575,0.7381474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7029232,0.05655855,0.07202895,0.02657256,0.01846329,0.0005769361,0.0006210238,0.0003813686,0.1218741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01126562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0376873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01240943155274165,"score_gpt":0.2884680809514549,"score_spread":0.2760586493987133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}