{"id":"W4221031929","doi":"10.3390/educsci12040232","title":"Design and Engineering: A Classification and Commentary","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Engineering design process; Engineering education; Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Qualitative research; Design education; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Knowledge management; Computer science; Engineering management; Sociology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02756475,0.002105262,0.002509007,0.01005818,0.01170959,0.01588785,0.007865919,0.02101578,0.008964181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07752557,0.0008063675,0.002074414,0.01428138,0.03652281,0.0163533,0.007939804,0.02600678,0.003374612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03509808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02747944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0463188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04899831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9647006,0.0174299,0.002836046,0.00260629,0.01062868,0.001798554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8170371,0.1403069,0.004598841,0.004290358,0.02972863,0.004038236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005129971,0.00001535988,0.0001020937,0.001719018,0.00001308158,0.0002575663,0.005739732,0.0001138286,0.00009675646,0.0699572,0.8994628,0.02247127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001045707,0.00001080487,0.0001781532,0.004472898,0.000006322631,0.0002100227,0.004099419,0.00007872579,0.00004590453,0.01289539,0.9779698,0.00002214164],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003654002,0.1537594,0.001028524,0.6717224,0.1602688,0.000047195,0.0001183448,0.00003557393,0.01265441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02148305,0.1835758,0.00247785,0.5662921,0.206886,0.0003244892,0.000242523,0.0002078732,0.01851042],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0463188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2546556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06101636046241547,"score_gpt":0.3017031650020709,"score_spread":0.2406868045396555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}