{"id":"W4221031929","doi":"10.3390/educsci12040232","title":"Design and Engineering: A Classification and Commentary","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Engineering design process; Engineering education; Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Qualitative research; Design education; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Knowledge management; Computer science; Engineering management; Sociology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000380511,0.00004300685,0.00003274694,0.0000953248,0.0002231106,0.00006813538,0.00006799122,0.000007513724,0.0001163331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002379603,0.00004659302,0.000003624362,0.0002331268,0.00003475195,0.0002197391,0.00001485622,0.00006417039,0.000003346859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003125009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005846581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007821532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.820496e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996226,0.00004349526,0.00006841084,0.00009840535,0.00009900972,0.00006806907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997293,0.0001468237,0.00001735405,0.00005429181,0.000009738216,0.00004245766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001683727,0.0004842115,0.01299489,0.0001447837,0.00005075796,8.931755e-7,0.02831528,0.05156103,0.04247876,0.0414684,0.4941049,0.3283793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001653567,0.0001109044,0.04449825,0.00001221152,0.00001892124,0.00007905909,0.01497687,0.2505702,0.0005143097,0.001084812,0.687633,0.0003360403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8556209,0.009512324,0.05813581,0.05566395,0.006995789,0.0010877,0.000006335359,0.0006123922,0.01236485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893209,0.00008701487,0.009647926,0.000678563,0.00003492737,0.0000995962,0.000003152159,0.000004810626,0.000123115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3280433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1900008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06101636046241547,"score_gpt":0.3017031650020709,"score_spread":0.2406868045396555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}