{"id":"W4223456116","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.04.005","title":"How are randomized clinical trials ethically justified? A systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of reasons that ethically justify randomized clinical trials","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Ottawa; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Thematic analysis; Normative; Data extraction; Coding (social sciences); Protocol (science); Psychology; Systematic review; Clinical trial; MEDLINE; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Applied psychology; Epistemology; Qualitative research; Sociology; Social science; Pathology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.5945444,0.00222726,0.007292228,0.03282015,0.007219765,0.01578466,0.00496616,0.009563667,0.002222837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.7985758,0.003401178,0.007075806,0.02552864,0.01956365,0.02026147,0.0102032,0.007758692,0.0006198058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02158439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.08102831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004966134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.2091166,0.6441112,0.100365,0.007740405,0.03626139,0.002405477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.09908853,0.8153793,0.03405263,0.01537358,0.03480332,0.001302588],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006260473,0.000109234,0.00466619,0.3574447,0.003353811,0.000809189,0.2116977,0.0018747,0.001382959,0.1637342,0.01566964,0.2386317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002848743,0.0002141381,0.001897978,0.7137322,0.002500888,0.0004734127,0.07797218,0.002298124,0.001429869,0.104436,0.09450769,0.0002525908],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04996538,0.4525225,0.2321665,0.1681252,0.01050838,0.06417992,0.002457395,0.0003549964,0.0197197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3251919,0.1541094,0.3928501,0.01774945,0.001528768,0.1055806,0.001178197,0.0002931224,0.001518417],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4054556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.499999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9549452113031753,"score_gpt":0.7294765781556601,"score_spread":0.2254686331475152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}