{"id":"W4223641615","doi":"10.3390/jrfm15040177","title":"Tourism Activity as an Engine of Growth: Lessons Learned from the European Union","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tourism; Linkage (software); Granger causality; European union; Causality (physics); Economics; Multivariate statistics; Economic geography; Panel data; Regional science; Econometrics; Economy; International economics; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004814145,0.00006885051,0.0001467542,0.0001164214,0.0007648245,0.00006215736,0.0005231085,0.00001886299,0.0001268985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002951768,0.00005508953,0.00007929056,0.0002546837,0.0001321615,0.0002250747,0.0003703195,0.0003965279,0.000003726489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006037852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006680565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007140309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003303877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971558,0.001639248,0.0001744012,0.0001227201,0.0007298228,0.0001779408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992539,0.0001560622,0.0002785017,0.0001368102,0.00008571032,0.00008904068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001365881,0.0002720416,0.001899317,0.000005520301,0.00004028622,0.0004774738,0.006576879,0.0001082831,0.00004246659,0.01842475,0.005395204,0.9666212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001508619,0.0006926772,0.4887411,0.00003575594,0.0001630562,0.000003220477,0.02311607,0.00002453809,0.00008885846,0.07465141,0.4107671,0.000207607],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9672845,0.0002317131,0.001415756,0.008658856,0.0004210796,0.0001648891,0.00003158122,0.00001006286,0.02178158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955104,0.003345088,0.0002371315,0.00004534892,0.0004892036,0.000001275284,8.582822e-7,0.000007265437,0.0003634114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9664136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03274071660185712,"score_gpt":0.3007871359748128,"score_spread":0.2680464193729557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}