{"id":"W4224235115","doi":"10.3390/app12083777","title":"Laser Cooling and Trapping of Rare-Earth-Doped Particles","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Optical properties and cooling technologies in crystalline materials","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Phonon; Laser cooling; Materials science; Doping; Internal energy; Laser; Nanoparticle; Refrigeration; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Chemical physics; Optics; Condensed matter physics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001999496,0.000271675,0.0003760074,0.0002470432,0.0001416243,0.0002749921,0.0003636278,0.0003324936,0.0005359486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001340711,0.0001572142,0.0003097759,0.0001626973,0.0002486152,0.0004863027,0.0002463139,0.0003282195,0.0002135247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002657837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001914632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003128063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000354332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998983,0.0000138749,0.000006630637,0.00002736793,0.00003774459,0.00001597881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999561,0.00002075201,0.000009305102,0.000003073212,0.000008631441,0.000002150401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086031,0.00004586478,0.0002896707,0.008420878,0.00008988884,0.0002903506,0.0002090493,0.002946674,0.7920411,0.01531841,0.002454199,0.1778079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001514534,0.0003259824,0.0009238889,0.0003811131,0.00008406094,0.001114812,0.00006655464,0.004603096,0.7586659,0.001595387,0.2321895,0.0000345327],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1171758,0.8421301,0.0267297,0.0004563874,0.0005756923,0.0000706464,0.0001071613,0.0001306911,0.01262376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4301978,0.5347068,0.01968949,0.0004689621,0.0004651595,0.000230308,0.0002369401,0.00009556372,0.01390899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005359486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001928329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02673744985052968,"score_gpt":0.2442879451799898,"score_spread":0.2175504953294601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}