{"id":"W4224308969","doi":"10.1177/13540688221084039","title":"Data-driven campaigning and democratic disruption: Evidence from six advanced democracies","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Party Politics","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Australian Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Politics; Democracy; Accountability; Political science; Political economy; Public relations; Public administration; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000345911,0.0001292113,0.0002096516,0.00004074026,0.00198558,0.00009948672,0.0005134385,0.00005806572,0.0003216189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001739814,0.0001438412,0.00003516256,0.0002023086,0.000456146,0.000425277,0.0004378695,0.0002566275,0.00002468151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001791893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003599173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002474925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009140318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977724,0.0005187138,0.0002467313,0.0003214671,0.0005655505,0.0005751622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99728,0.001854138,0.0001088324,0.000395221,0.00005858733,0.0003032464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003029851,0.0002039454,0.529459,0.00009911826,0.000158231,0.00009693887,0.2782492,0.0003840231,0.001122374,0.1597218,0.02458556,0.005889472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008584309,0.0001884637,0.01875728,0.0001703649,0.0004032292,0.0000119634,0.3095883,0.004334576,0.0004130645,0.1351798,0.5289222,0.001172282],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905372,0.001263671,0.0001579333,0.004126942,0.00114643,0.0002537845,0.0006811019,0.0001194896,0.001713479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951268,0.0002769221,0.001525194,0.0008275061,0.0009827593,0.00004372377,0.0001098599,0.00001648993,0.001090771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5107017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09529560525796305,"score_gpt":0.3733365868364997,"score_spread":0.2780409815785367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}