{"id":"W4225004802","doi":"10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022","title":"Global Carbon Budget 2021","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth system science data","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1616,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Tula Foundation","funders":"NOAA Research; Horizon 2020; Hakai Institute; Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University; Office of Science; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation; Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif; Helmholtz Association; Universität Bremen; Natural Environment Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Marine Institute; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan; National Centre for Atmospheric Science; Sight Research UK; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum; National Natural Science Foundation of China; U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa; National Cancer Institute; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Newton Fund; National Research Foundation; Tula Foundation; Fondation BNP Paribas; National Computational Infrastructure; Ocean Acidification Program; U.S. Department of Commerce; European Space Agency; Princeton University; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Royal Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Computer science; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001643877,0.00230525,0.0009287184,0.001999952,0.0008060636,0.003090478,0.001260048,0.002572868,0.1447379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001892458,0.0004477614,0.0007161556,0.003843513,0.000508116,0.003024115,0.002021371,0.002338497,0.1008084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003832072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00840375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02999657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01521891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993083,0.0001139575,0.00003382442,0.0001092879,0.00028983,0.0001447285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.00004757255,0.00004669634,0.0000639366,0.0005093649,0.00009405271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002077557,0.00004887463,0.0008037914,0.001013926,0.00006018251,0.00009414295,0.00004666573,0.001150581,0.001228087,0.03290967,0.7611427,0.2012936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001531726,0.0000146566,0.0005515782,0.000154436,0.000008040626,0.00002246418,0.00002231868,0.0001645938,0.0001505578,0.002934009,0.9959553,0.000006596584],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003238046,0.02663133,0.008362944,0.03345182,0.01530826,0.0006527917,0.2546414,0.002930118,0.6547833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05574624,0.04236687,0.0266534,0.01727635,0.002777539,0.003852726,0.3016653,0.002004054,0.5476575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1447379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4841965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009855152148445437,"score_gpt":0.2164962029724746,"score_spread":0.2066410508240292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}