{"id":"W4225131938","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2022.103708","title":"Measuring the process of urban gentrification: A composite measure of the gentrification process in Toronto","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cities","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Gentrification; Economic geography; Redevelopment; Geography; Demographic economics; Econometrics; Economics; Regional science; Economic growth; Civil engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007680503,0.00007674929,0.0002066352,0.00005550566,0.0001822073,0.00001978968,0.0004521819,0.00002087109,0.0001578925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004991227,0.0000681603,0.00006775436,0.0002024832,0.00007956518,0.0001333886,0.00004621489,0.0001021239,0.000002413358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002368852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005411583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003900827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001415441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991018,0.00003739671,0.0005026649,0.0001671022,0.00006212301,0.0001288876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991231,0.00003293737,0.0004696578,0.0003104287,0.0000496854,0.00001419783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001566587,0.0002837684,0.8547498,0.0004769162,0.00009349694,4.689738e-7,0.05406498,0.01001478,0.0002859448,0.07801004,0.0003151549,0.001547996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003645951,0.0002038857,0.7377311,0.0002508903,0.00008925452,0.00003025728,0.1208775,0.02742428,0.02098243,0.0634331,0.02389082,0.001440567],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9673014,0.002516308,0.00004925405,0.0003239533,0.0002360439,0.0002956255,0.00005193664,0.000009858566,0.02921567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995986,0.00008031972,0.00001102991,0.00003694051,0.00003555919,0.00008759426,0.000005510323,0.00001181273,0.0001326828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1170187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2779496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03431391476601901,"score_gpt":0.2135013073094124,"score_spread":0.1791873925433934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}