{"id":"W4225751467","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.13917","title":"Biomarker Changes as Surrogate Endpoints in Early-Phase Trials in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ESC Heart Failure","topic":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","field":"Medicine","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Surgical Specialties (Canada); Institute of Infection and Immunity","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Hjärt-Lungfonden; Karolinska Institutet; European Commission; Stockholms Läns Landsting; National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Heart failure; Ejection fraction; Medicine; Biomarker; Surrogate endpoint; Internal medicine; Cardiology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002920281,0.0003975262,0.001116547,0.001072155,0.0002288875,0.00006145237,0.0000913963,0.0001697186,0.002091338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002813738,0.0003454656,0.0001962736,0.001329036,0.00005422911,0.0002850213,0.0001059021,0.0007100518,0.0002262804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006117818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002235934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001781892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003260442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995994,0.001121303,0.000715202,0.0007545773,0.0007464509,0.000668451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998758,0.0002340753,0.0001814078,0.0005209073,0.00006845773,0.0002371915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01308708,0.006973643,0.2751538,0.0004511597,0.0008415804,0.002051732,0.003539465,0.0001216065,0.2122669,0.0002857484,0.4765346,0.0086927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01559408,0.002888642,0.04370828,0.0002690408,0.0001692546,0.0002616376,0.0029547,0.0001095058,0.009696106,0.0000592926,0.9238341,0.0004553434],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8912326,0.00009779945,0.00001753829,0.1053975,0.0002678577,0.002547359,0.00001961799,0.000167571,0.0002521574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924011,0.00001652105,0.00358401,0.001202901,0.0002005621,0.0008939882,0.0001947116,0.00006985936,0.00143636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4472995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03735964754917554,"score_gpt":0.3283803360640595,"score_spread":0.291020688514884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}