{"id":"W4226194912","doi":"10.1109/lra.2022.3167065","title":"A Discrete Non-Linear Series Elastic Actuator for Active Ankle-Foot Orthoses","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Actuator; Crank; Stiffness; Control theory (sociology); Ankle; Linear actuator; Torque; Exoskeleton; Power (physics); Joint stiffness; Linear model; Displacement (psychology); Computer science; Engineering; Simulation; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Cylinder","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000954488,0.0001537146,0.0001663214,0.00009923923,0.0002769175,0.00004815843,0.00008446749,0.00003488809,0.000009871562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002209974,0.0001535477,0.0000650075,0.0001302125,0.00005641851,0.0001460421,0.00002939164,0.0001268011,0.000003973499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000644372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001736168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002140437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002292688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992167,0.000020435,0.0002288429,0.0001646569,0.0001634324,0.0002059133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.0001218472,0.00005893147,0.0001288261,0.00003617762,0.00006291738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001371201,0.00001667542,0.00006330147,0.0001105224,0.00004429816,0.000001667804,0.0007503068,0.9862344,0.009794298,0.0003244744,0.0006601036,0.001986235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005522153,0.0001793946,0.001561362,0.00002160114,0.00004900496,0.00001259736,0.0003116887,0.9921946,0.001716596,0.0004626734,0.002612733,0.0003255313],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5914041,0.00004272555,0.403228,0.003228836,0.001087305,0.0005593878,0.0001680235,0.0002501096,0.00003156745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593413,0.00001910008,0.03988442,0.0003447343,0.0001039361,0.0001468125,0.00006546878,0.00004885965,0.0000453708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3679372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6261494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007978825634381865,"score_gpt":0.2220236342195786,"score_spread":0.2140448085851967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}