{"id":"W4226373352","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105786","title":"Large-scale battery storage, short-term market outcomes, and arbitrage","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Economics","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Arbitrage; Portfolio; Battery (electricity); Renewable energy; Electricity; Incentive; Profitability index; Electricity market; Economics; Energy storage; Scale (ratio); Software deployment; Business; Microeconomics; Finance; Computer science; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002575835,0.0001776913,0.0001841777,0.00003452396,0.0003216761,0.00003140116,0.0002279859,0.00004938092,0.01398798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003472328,0.0001928895,0.00006204723,0.00004562207,0.00008369909,0.0002262531,0.0006633832,0.0001711897,0.00002471114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002660672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005986962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000845882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003876399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989066,0.000063319,0.0001992541,0.0003721323,0.00009527559,0.0003634234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999406,0.0000428302,0.00005450171,0.0003307317,4.291103e-7,0.0001655543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003962194,0.0002460377,0.8627408,0.000003351248,0.00004665874,0.00003556943,0.0003822853,0.1191014,0.0002305098,0.0005331622,0.01408818,0.002552471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000484424,0.00007609303,0.6112123,0.000001466051,0.00001830497,0.00003893699,0.0002246615,0.01118421,0.0001825018,0.000706387,0.3754019,0.0004688575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574652,0.00004121551,0.0002841656,0.0002972814,0.0002610168,0.00003611929,0.00004572585,0.00003230594,0.04153694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858536,0.0001573296,0.0002222765,0.002169044,0.00003780566,0.00003418567,0.00004122922,0.00003019954,0.01145437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3613137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9869134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00647494100953783,"score_gpt":0.184598483012481,"score_spread":0.1781235420029431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}