{"id":"W4229004692","doi":"10.55667/ijede.2022.v37.i1.1213","title":"An Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Undergraduate Learning During the COVID Pandemic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchronous communication; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Online learning; Asynchronous learning; Synchronous learning; Pandemic; Student engagement; Mathematics education; Higher education; Computer science; Metadata; Psychology; Teaching method; Multimedia; Cooperative learning; World Wide Web; Political science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001440188,0.00009846272,0.0002175918,0.0004317714,0.0008561133,0.0001101286,0.0005065004,0.00003398748,0.0002704441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006684032,0.00008916768,0.0001302825,0.0005716169,0.0001538893,0.0003547121,0.00006097979,0.0007393189,6.883928e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006163525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001163102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000425095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007366203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975538,0.0008098991,0.0004657691,0.0001693787,0.0008295584,0.0001716043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979802,0.0003047266,0.001036132,0.00009348406,0.0004855901,0.00009986816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000151559,0.0004344151,0.7199321,0.00001352881,0.0006398642,0.00000921691,0.01289131,0.2217202,0.000682195,0.00588286,0.00003405077,0.03760872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001055309,0.0006471401,0.3788488,0.0001119405,0.0009726888,0.0001428813,0.2517347,0.01222774,0.00002827674,0.0011833,0.3525936,0.0004535782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914904,0.0007808414,0.003350046,0.003385445,0.0006330912,0.00006329091,0.000008560057,0.00002236407,0.0002659379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997579,0.0006892721,0.0004693129,0.00006827431,0.0005196503,0.000004696308,0.00005113175,0.00001204505,0.0006066206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3525596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6584618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01048944266933133,"score_gpt":0.3364892152718724,"score_spread":0.3259997726025411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}