{"id":"W4229018586","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.07609","title":"The Evolution of U.S. Retail Concentration","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Market concentration; Consolidation (business); Revenue; Market power; Retail market; Business; Retail sales; Salient; Market share; Quarter (Canadian coin); Monetary economics; Market structure; Industrial organization; Market economy; Economics; Marketing; Finance; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003109261,0.0001875455,0.0002178178,0.0001121392,0.0004990044,0.00008577576,0.0005929289,0.00008585635,0.0003058899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006621558,0.000183109,0.0001767388,0.0004793666,0.0002027417,0.0002800886,0.001658701,0.0003602368,0.00004639207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003430785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009019309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001929346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007937755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990008,0.00003427744,0.0002103272,0.0004235037,0.0001219892,0.0002091438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986579,0.00005985872,0.000504144,0.0005431832,0.0002269287,0.00000794623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008529708,0.00005681302,0.7209905,0.0001438315,0.000125933,0.0000286949,0.00003579257,0.003891679,0.00005438802,0.2717492,0.0004009374,0.002436915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002440663,0.0000479833,0.6480156,0.000250575,0.003231062,0.000001968791,0.008672982,0.1210919,0.00003366869,0.04607115,0.1681757,0.00196674],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782357,0.0006152344,0.0009014015,0.0001974751,0.0009791937,0.0004285801,0.00001153437,0.0001163128,0.01851458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977772,0.0001525149,0.000004411579,0.00001440986,0.00007216338,0.000002942985,0.00003011499,0.00001598393,0.001930265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.225678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7466967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07349268730116444,"score_gpt":0.1842248035541514,"score_spread":0.1107321162529869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}