{"id":"W4230142878","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3165580","title":"Carrying Little Sticks: Is There a Deterrence Gapp in Employment Standards Enforcement in Ontario, Canada?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Deterrence (psychology); Enforcement; Business; Political science; Criminology; Law; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003637776,0.0001651042,0.0006109466,0.001602621,0.01030805,0.004499986,0.002912062,0.002131516,0.007773244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01794044,0.0005406631,0.000459056,0.003692501,0.004260389,0.001899281,0.002554865,0.002612988,0.0003880983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.08818881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2356339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.997931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9994105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933718,0.0004956453,0.0003083293,0.0004580279,0.002466071,0.002900044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9805943,0.002626839,0.003975444,0.0006037047,0.007810954,0.004388727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003296108,0.0004635638,0.8000749,0.0004359938,0.0001152871,0.00064352,0.04514361,0.0008316379,0.0006503541,0.02242307,0.03304228,0.09584622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002609093,0.00006669952,0.9294527,0.0002453868,0.00003849247,0.00006615477,0.05007393,0.0005309579,0.0001927701,0.0007711449,0.01848918,0.00004651792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9513118,0.001130702,0.0002416306,0.02159433,0.00007004572,0.0001016058,0.001167598,0.00002363976,0.02435879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871433,0.0004373865,0.0002127882,0.001183257,0.00001435943,0.00002411437,0.000242096,0.000009789619,0.01073287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08818881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6398576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01490360610486766,"score_gpt":0.2383645530838497,"score_spread":0.2234609469789821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}