{"id":"W4230142878","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3165580","title":"Carrying Little Sticks: Is There a Deterrence Gapp in Employment Standards Enforcement in Ontario, Canada?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Deterrence (psychology); Enforcement; Business; Political science; Criminology; Law; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000795482,0.0001531181,0.0001810895,0.0001459654,0.0001973137,0.0001282133,0.0002068071,0.0000271479,0.0008181084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002563924,0.0001349816,0.00003927397,0.0002454867,0.00003521342,0.0003225267,0.00007733933,0.000568926,0.00001272284],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004010625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003108519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8896876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9992307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977726,0.00001024629,0.0003281808,0.0001876678,0.0004678552,0.001233464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995481,0.000008988452,0.0001498909,0.0001198709,0.0001600044,0.00001316703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002269244,0.00009461689,0.9038768,0.00003081245,0.0001488756,0.00002734747,0.001440553,0.0003677847,0.00004908378,0.04771869,0.005465757,0.04055272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003402574,0.0001849094,0.4535818,0.0006053248,0.00005188919,0.0000303017,0.01478805,0.002854056,0.0000576638,0.09339096,0.4302066,0.0008459113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791155,0.0009628883,0.0008067488,0.0009225722,0.0003570472,0.0001798198,0.00000116928,0.00001264126,0.01764158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972779,0.0001263833,0.00001316696,0.0006380853,0.0003174195,0.00001478611,0.000001862531,0.00001202502,0.001598408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4502951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01490360610486766,"score_gpt":0.2383645530838497,"score_spread":0.2234609469789821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}