{"id":"W4231270941","doi":"10.32920/14638326","title":"Age Discrimination and Early Retirement Policies: A Comparison of Labor Market Regulation in Canada and the United States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Enforcement; Legislation; Workforce; Age discrimination; Mandatory retirement; Public policy; Political science; Employment protection legislation; Labour economics; Business; Economics; Economic growth; Unemployment; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001618225,0.0001835219,0.0004241052,0.004382615,0.005804714,0.004372702,0.001204873,0.00101068,0.003553934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005507216,0.0002165631,0.0007134581,0.008997288,0.002239702,0.0006855577,0.001549015,0.001213013,0.0001753195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1103027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1560451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9979464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9989875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966274,0.0001834958,0.00006918316,0.0001428455,0.001170789,0.001806236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938515,0.0006532467,0.0006745131,0.00009622748,0.003249733,0.001474856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007324612,0.000481494,0.7481843,0.0004223561,0.000266131,0.0006659389,0.02945852,0.002384938,0.0007444025,0.0590886,0.03132862,0.1262423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002987625,0.00003982092,0.9479707,0.000265803,0.00007225203,0.00004682476,0.02219788,0.0005124045,0.0001724567,0.0006510812,0.02798911,0.00005184106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9176992,0.008655246,0.0001701916,0.01103752,0.0001191903,0.00006365317,0.001738505,0.00002226222,0.06049424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885889,0.003913561,0.0001126195,0.00120207,0.00002260332,0.00001725548,0.0007099108,0.00001139015,0.005421643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1103027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8003061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1265859987598712,"score_gpt":0.3917159571750491,"score_spread":0.2651299584151779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}