{"id":"W4231424526","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2716254","title":"Constructing Independence","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Independence (probability theory); Political science; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002812292,0.0008176596,0.0008577482,0.002708637,0.004987478,0.004216675,0.001330962,0.001415793,0.03341782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009573219,0.001074291,0.001504022,0.001707053,0.01081155,0.01050672,0.00781332,0.006593481,0.00724734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001664419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001563376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002286201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001869517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967543,0.001177105,0.0001634018,0.0008809185,0.0006588591,0.0003654152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952211,0.001783894,0.0001999419,0.00184929,0.0006944045,0.0002513829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000110528,0.000008328268,0.00015483,0.00001178482,0.000005896173,0.00001756285,0.0005363236,0.0001403878,0.00005971131,0.9902397,0.002525353,0.006288958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006981562,0.000005379511,0.0001536191,0.0000174538,0.000009117787,0.00003237093,0.0001966069,0.000547729,0.0001749993,0.97106,0.02778929,0.000006442472],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02396472,0.0006693535,0.2569346,0.005603682,0.000490581,0.00010191,0.0005776655,0.0006636437,0.7109939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7716972,0.0008142809,0.08109478,0.001607313,0.0004601723,0.0004125552,0.002370285,0.001073539,0.1404699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03341782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1117938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00570593733165332,"score_gpt":0.1996346210759066,"score_spread":0.1939286837442533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}