{"id":"W4231576442","doi":"10.1007/978-0-8176-4719-3_1","title":"Introduction","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Birkhäuser Boston eBooks","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"String (physics); Knot (papermaking); Loop (graph theory); Combinatorics; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics; Theoretical physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003337025,0.0004298995,0.000411154,0.00006246393,0.0002270897,0.00002424944,0.000165422,0.0001083467,0.002076925],"category_scores_gemma":[8.42654e-7,0.0003933343,0.000283933,0.000008599928,0.0003846888,0.0000371304,0.000167694,0.0003594576,0.001347005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004111461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003662957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002413271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.71798e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987391,0.000009861567,0.0002800704,0.0004680821,0.0002355313,0.0002674044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992575,0.00002262016,0.0001476427,0.0004057856,0.00006863022,0.00009782644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001665046,0.00002364548,0.000007078697,0.000007217303,0.0001785405,0.000004492885,0.0002174941,2.46986e-7,0.0001931792,0.9606288,0.03393497,0.004787675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001518217,0.00004226475,0.000001536937,0.00002317533,0.00004029168,0.000001978804,0.00002009545,6.600569e-7,0.002583745,0.4933265,0.5034884,0.0003194758],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007852678,0.0002153874,0.0001057407,0.0001456331,0.0004605043,0.0002292469,0.00005664975,0.00009212832,0.9986162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07989883,0.0000177511,0.00008783557,0.0000828261,0.004956154,0.00003052118,0.00009649333,0.0001066211,0.914723],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4695534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01054109044825677,"score_gpt":0.2130373031324038,"score_spread":0.202496212684147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}