{"id":"W4231693845","doi":"10.2118/2007-208","title":"State-of-the-Art of Tight Gas Sands Characterization and Production Technology","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian International Petroleum Conference","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Tight gas; Production (economics); Petroleum engineering; State (computer science); Unconventional oil; Computer science; Materials science; Geology; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Waste management; Hydraulic fracturing; Fossil fuel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004570286,0.0009123542,0.001232819,0.006562533,0.0007779122,0.005679463,0.002538482,0.001218752,0.002264189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005699356,0.0007344853,0.0008513303,0.007182752,0.002099902,0.004170759,0.001438553,0.0008804863,0.001342642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003670313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005328557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05588814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06481066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943732,0.0004526486,0.0002564401,0.00083098,0.003793998,0.0002928068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929742,0.002105753,0.0007164305,0.0005869281,0.003475499,0.0001412333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002620598,0.0001525252,0.02206024,0.007861968,0.0001946733,0.0003680135,0.0007596145,0.01456858,0.08863807,0.01139077,0.006119899,0.8476235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001721512,0.0005899253,0.04824436,0.004477304,0.0003919664,0.001151008,0.003902784,0.05073874,0.3900301,0.009014932,0.4910909,0.0003509184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1873725,0.5109959,0.2293186,0.003988923,0.0005952198,0.0003483498,0.005137934,0.001979381,0.06026308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5631579,0.3355885,0.08456958,0.000563264,0.000290279,0.0001668694,0.005369115,0.000357379,0.009936986],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05588814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1111257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005374494155638765,"score_gpt":0.1940196755692599,"score_spread":0.1886451814136211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}