{"id":"W4233986400","doi":"10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0103.pub2","title":"Universal Grammar","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Learnability; Universal grammar; Linguistics; Grammar; Computer science; Second-language acquisition; First language; Linguistic competence; Language acquisition; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007548908,0.0003894053,0.0005137821,0.000219285,0.0003317027,0.0001188184,0.0006507626,0.0001753665,0.01562801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001481508,0.000287585,0.0002355839,0.00004473288,0.0002630402,0.00007550236,0.0001861827,0.001704121,0.00003772354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003933397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007142168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007206738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002315661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980165,0.0005538841,0.0003208084,0.0003647077,0.0003536512,0.0003903982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983662,0.000384242,0.00039055,0.000714723,0.00007014451,0.00007411718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006243801,0.00008990304,0.00005209597,0.0002170595,0.0002119981,0.00005726182,0.6321192,0.000007496292,0.000008624412,0.04297714,0.3103214,0.01393162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002087412,0.00003189353,0.00000263656,0.0004699644,0.0001154246,0.000001367479,0.09396582,0.00001234684,0.00000207231,0.00003485599,0.9048351,0.0003197652],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00132791,0.005709093,0.00003473903,0.00004632006,0.002167334,0.0002031234,0.00005597474,0.0006158425,0.9898397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01678207,0.0002288339,0.0004873182,0.0001210776,0.010107,0.000009623684,0.0001986286,0.0004827519,0.9715827],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5945138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01048514540408695,"score_gpt":0.2285976731982398,"score_spread":0.2181125277941529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}