{"id":"W4234011101","doi":"10.1257/aer.p20171011","title":"Endogenous Appropriability","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Entrepreneurship; Incentive; Appropriation; Intellectual property; Control (management); Law and economics; Value (mathematics); Economics; Business; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Law; Management; Computer science; Political science; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004761257,0.0001391409,0.0004119197,0.00002570989,0.0002806072,0.0002575389,0.0007400706,0.00001673317,0.0005427941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002284662,0.0001242054,0.0001537539,0.0000270833,0.0002948414,0.0008353773,0.0003426204,0.00008894386,0.003687068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005199223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000234792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007748322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004643944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991623,0.000008167016,0.0002655187,0.0002866671,0.00005150505,0.0002259077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983243,0.00001664273,0.0006474514,0.0009745333,0.00002172867,0.00001529765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001227875,0.00008145009,0.02377658,0.002332805,0.00007399817,0.00001946375,0.00001090159,0.000001977411,0.00007094667,0.04218267,0.02343936,0.9079975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001508204,0.000009217715,0.01129019,0.0002343532,0.00007086428,0.000009439962,0.00001384132,0.00006378894,0.000008892819,0.002091895,0.9857921,0.0002646034],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2712873,0.01995151,0.0000935521,0.01492736,0.001723444,0.001304069,0.00001050762,0.0002447945,0.6904575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981493,0.009826778,0.00007671572,0.007301298,0.001137954,0.00003483647,0.00001268464,0.00001809082,0.00009862775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9623528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04751139507600073,"score_gpt":0.2671181241058619,"score_spread":0.2196067290298612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}