{"id":"W4234011101","doi":"10.1257/aer.p20171011","title":"Endogenous Appropriability","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Entrepreneurship; Incentive; Appropriation; Intellectual property; Control (management); Law and economics; Value (mathematics); Economics; Business; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Law; Management; Computer science; Political science; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004088535,0.0007209329,0.0008808706,0.001314786,0.001330693,0.00608537,0.001312502,0.002373667,0.02848917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01571194,0.0004823,0.001260969,0.001308746,0.005858663,0.006451824,0.004225496,0.002636812,0.001684315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003880904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002080246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009876112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000964856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964084,0.001110604,0.0001862192,0.0008294352,0.0007985185,0.0006667324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869834,0.006975813,0.001894446,0.003158574,0.0005882771,0.0003995527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001324644,0.00002875515,0.0008216025,0.00004419907,0.00001651846,0.00003992493,0.0001055852,0.002017378,0.0002464679,0.98964,0.0003291079,0.006697285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002812371,0.00003427429,0.001075731,0.00005780354,0.00002283125,0.0001042276,0.0001272619,0.004301338,0.0006231492,0.9800034,0.01360871,0.00001331037],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1271529,0.003051407,0.3536421,0.004592214,0.0001462849,0.0003768834,0.0008422204,0.0002947221,0.5099012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9675243,0.0009701865,0.008890694,0.0002815778,0.0000891087,0.000226195,0.000119302,0.00003901166,0.02185964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02848917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0953058,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04751139507600073,"score_gpt":0.2671181241058619,"score_spread":0.2196067290298612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}