{"id":"W4235325009","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3559894","title":"Miner Collusion and the BitCoin Protocol","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Collusion; Protocol (science); Cryptocurrency; Computer security; Business; Internet privacy; Computer science; Medicine; Industrial organization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001096019,0.00009849789,0.0001458191,0.00001821722,0.000241338,0.0002126069,0.0005715248,0.00003366253,0.000003814072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004695645,0.00005538462,0.00005771357,0.0002567359,0.00005133218,0.0002338367,0.0001242422,0.0007318468,0.00001715716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008479459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000588253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001634745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003353882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984114,0.0001177303,0.0002183005,0.0001784773,0.0002333077,0.0008407695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995461,0.00003327011,0.0001242918,0.0001512991,0.00005541269,0.00008959188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001486292,0.0000264892,0.0002635882,0.00001505033,0.00004901966,0.00001053524,0.0007691347,0.00004039327,0.0003372324,0.9424978,0.002798839,0.05304328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01921043,0.001330988,0.001131811,0.0001082892,0.00003175536,0.003054947,0.00123366,0.133288,0.0002664711,0.2550849,0.5845051,0.0007535528],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004536891,0.0009163407,0.9202254,0.05186467,0.000175431,0.02002333,0.000002319588,0.00009888883,0.00215672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926958,0.0001143591,0.0005559364,0.001758325,0.0004523082,0.003581157,4.930837e-7,0.00001234571,0.0008292698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9881589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3179551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007346097033290928,"score_gpt":0.2272644407451494,"score_spread":0.2199183437118585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}