{"id":"W4236362309","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781107298019","title":"Understanding Machine Learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Neural Networks and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2928,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Stability (learning theory); Algorithmic learning theory; Computational learning theory; Machine learning; Presentation (obstetrics); Stochastic gradient descent; Convexity; Online machine learning; Artificial neural network","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007156623,0.0009309,0.0005830175,0.001370177,0.0007480362,0.004908076,0.001255642,0.001815201,0.01884803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003349043,0.0004254403,0.000590422,0.00150378,0.002179887,0.007019379,0.001834002,0.00284821,0.009986304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001377069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001002208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001240349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001484594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994735,0.0001190886,0.00002243724,0.0001077218,0.0002370384,0.00004028236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999384,0.0003871745,0.00002895001,0.00007290134,0.00009531405,0.00003164224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006949456,0.0000164364,0.0002707268,0.0004241563,0.00002243081,0.00008116355,0.0005601428,0.002674447,0.000395047,0.7404658,0.1123759,0.1427068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001937129,0.000007293364,0.0002823128,0.0002763962,0.000004184083,0.0001375534,0.0001400255,0.002520323,0.0001498121,0.5627457,0.4337257,0.000008683546],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003758722,0.1237233,0.3096358,0.0378628,0.003121495,0.0001295932,0.001336494,0.001203887,0.5192279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1141318,0.188156,0.2559963,0.01792768,0.006688533,0.0005446988,0.005034804,0.0009318067,0.4105884],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01884803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06305295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05762217010005879,"score_gpt":0.2046455974230524,"score_spread":0.1470234273229936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}