{"id":"W4237689020","doi":"10.4169/amer.math.monthly.120.03.265","title":"Roll Models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Mathematical Monthly","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Motion (physics); Diversity (politics); Computer science; Mathematics education; Calculus (dental); Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003086735,0.0001587729,0.0002837788,0.00001627265,0.00008085255,0.00004196508,0.0001447417,0.000009354298,0.001523501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003032234,0.0001173446,0.0001129143,0.0001132456,0.0004293551,0.0001526427,0.0001014492,0.00009033816,0.001585114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009914595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006047205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003776759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.962173e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991623,0.00002167871,0.0001905788,0.0001868303,0.0001492991,0.0002892696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994449,0.0001121806,0.00005900093,0.0002133825,0.00003688446,0.0001336264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002100686,0.0001868069,0.0001034607,0.000003646921,0.00004779606,2.469345e-7,0.0003140593,0.00002272427,0.0001811173,0.997858,0.0006889809,0.0005910027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001107135,0.00005540162,0.00004719712,0.000009380272,0.00001193314,9.66037e-8,0.001412023,0.005858077,0.000572597,0.9917093,0.00005944518,0.000153851],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009843932,0.00002248804,0.008349668,0.0003112071,0.00001866376,0.0001939393,0.000008497664,0.00005165736,0.9811999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952653,4.808903e-7,0.003769789,0.0001727129,0.0001014996,0.0001584053,0.000004440483,0.00001949554,0.0005078789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9854214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006934748600037094,"score_gpt":0.2262263255276065,"score_spread":0.2192915769275695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}