{"id":"W4237769156","doi":"10.1177/1362168818787546","title":"Oral corrective feedback: Pre-service English as a second language teachers’ beliefs and practices","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Teaching Research","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Concordia University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Corrective feedback; Psychology; Class (philosophy); Affect (linguistics); Mathematics education; Teaching method; Communicative language teaching; Language education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Communication","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005938881,0.0002751246,0.0003035027,0.0003541469,0.002081164,0.001164866,0.000503119,0.0001362722,0.005241422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005763024,0.0002390698,0.00006206411,0.0001377154,0.0005326208,0.0007483947,0.0003726414,0.003187988,0.000507366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001101636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001115195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02966321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03363288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995664,0.001883167,0.0002675352,0.000642661,0.0007240495,0.0008185785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973521,0.001321918,0.0002204693,0.0005317298,0.0003498849,0.0002239404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008926017,0.0001220276,0.001142759,0.00007208325,0.00007637727,0.00005562217,0.9411032,4.724176e-7,0.0008623807,0.004318368,0.005899529,0.04625797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006734669,0.0005873148,0.00132682,0.0001972018,0.00002784967,0.00002842134,0.6265817,0.0001976689,0.0003273689,0.0001529115,0.3695186,0.000380664],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7708322,0.001173867,0.000006381486,0.0003858522,0.0003411613,0.0002714729,0.00001740853,0.0003168343,0.2266549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9316928,0.000008475819,0.0003283042,0.0005911969,0.004024416,0.00003279029,0.00003584351,0.00007460063,0.06321156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3636191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06278419362910528,"score_gpt":0.4005192564702147,"score_spread":0.3377350628411094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}