{"id":"W4238309752","doi":"10.2174/156802609789630956","title":"Endogenous Opioids and Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs of Abuse","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","topic":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Nucleus accumbens; Endogenous opioid; Ventral tegmental area; Opioid; Dopamine; Addiction; Brain stimulation reward; Pharmacology; Neuroscience; Mesolimbic pathway; Opioid peptide; Dopamine receptor; Medicine; Psychology; Receptor; Internal medicine; Dopaminergic","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004300755,0.00008027046,0.0001260476,0.00002169072,0.00002448006,0.000005472132,0.00008230175,0.00003021798,0.00002057576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007973748,0.0000703791,0.0000132747,0.00007826633,0.00008368964,0.00002229249,0.00002577095,0.0001483798,0.000001095601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009763503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009275407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003596841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.316123e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993881,0.00001379651,0.0001440753,0.000223045,0.0001032104,0.0001277758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997486,0.00003360684,0.00003796451,0.00009651,0.000009847829,0.00007343373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002751252,0.00004614068,0.0005913905,0.00004554444,5.544977e-7,0.000006599725,0.0004255064,0.000001208695,0.9638373,0.0001565714,0.00007560954,0.03478605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007444792,0.0002597535,0.005908946,0.0002097281,0.0000106191,0.00005805057,0.00009194953,0.00005204616,0.9611589,0.0007040112,0.03065323,0.000148235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965574,0.000388675,0.000003113725,0.00009116103,0.00008270427,0.00006834447,0.000005479813,0.00001041361,0.002792744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989198,0.0003326764,0.00001879546,0.00047712,0.0001884334,0.000002495734,6.100918e-7,0.000003965635,0.00005609837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03463782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2869976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05165786898545973,"score_gpt":0.308321307895854,"score_spread":0.2566634389103943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}