{"id":"W4238483600","doi":"10.1111/theo.12299","title":"Disguised Plagiarism","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoria","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Copying; Terminology; Publishing; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy; Literature; Linguistics; Law; Art; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008554233,0.00006342886,0.0000984517,0.00001227541,0.0002835086,0.00003404303,0.0003142899,0.0004198329,0.00200792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001036698,0.00005731536,0.00004475353,0.000155415,0.0001826805,0.0001039723,0.00003233604,0.0008292602,0.001105831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002233964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000947868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004956888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003364731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990523,0.0002432003,0.0001043466,0.0001341261,0.0002416487,0.0002243919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994724,0.0002099858,0.00003544811,0.00007306442,0.0000348675,0.0001741734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002598298,0.00000510136,0.0001963792,0.000002208056,0.000006854154,0.00000368616,0.03934097,0.000001020134,0.0001711635,0.9254999,0.03179022,0.002956511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001713415,0.00001810469,0.0001152717,0.000005343623,0.000009803559,2.398573e-7,0.005248519,0.00006897166,0.0002998883,0.1542995,0.8396418,0.0001212291],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03634628,0.0001350989,0.003659009,0.06514446,0.001027529,0.0001956667,0.00001427262,0.0003287822,0.8931489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920292,0.00005154004,0.0002515142,0.004190423,0.001690225,0.000002968415,0.000003661894,0.000006584876,0.001773863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9556829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02745538034944308,"score_gpt":0.3005129734863187,"score_spread":0.2730575931368757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}