{"id":"W4238596481","doi":"10.1177/0002716208328283","title":"Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Certification; Class (philosophy); Political science; Law and economics; Action (physics); Law; Public administration; Economics; Mathematics; Physics; Epistemology; State (computer science); Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004183578,0.000458577,0.0004008313,0.001200375,0.00911396,0.004558225,0.001063377,0.001406901,0.2651424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001714616,0.0003904777,0.0004570538,0.001931374,0.0008534583,0.0008478307,0.001047179,0.001380538,0.04754382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02922474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07341506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9655195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9879881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989266,0.00003250517,0.00002222877,0.0001941892,0.0005138481,0.0003105973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981766,0.0000679951,0.00004109212,0.00006962018,0.00124681,0.0003979325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007144354,0.00003045404,0.002698579,0.0001326247,0.00001419992,0.0003062335,0.0002240194,0.0002060184,0.0004199877,0.04611536,0.8920026,0.05777851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009864829,0.000005728025,0.002614219,0.00005370111,0.000005593506,0.00006310809,0.0002468188,0.000133189,0.0002071244,0.001055312,0.9955927,0.00001263525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00485855,0.00297415,0.0009374423,0.01047139,0.0009389796,0.0001049416,0.01156524,0.0004743221,0.9676749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01881561,0.001488206,0.0008896777,0.002319998,0.0000440145,0.00002009968,0.002581015,0.00009861439,0.9737428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2651424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05536266660566329,"score_gpt":0.3410994038705451,"score_spread":0.2857367372648818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}