{"id":"W4240091398","doi":"10.3982/ecta16467","title":"Present Bias","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econometrica","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Axiom; Discounting; Preference; Class (philosophy); Mathematical economics; Hyperbolic discounting; Revealed preference; Dynamic inconsistency; Econometrics; Economics; Time preference; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001468801,0.0001145488,0.0003280129,0.000800806,0.000113142,0.0006604006,0.0006668413,0.00007210338,0.008445272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005934073,0.0000937123,0.0002159899,0.002550645,0.00004554768,0.0003125408,0.0002994704,0.0001162666,0.009918513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007047127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001188575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001106273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009812772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978983,0.00009288372,0.0007241427,0.000622983,0.0004083291,0.0002534034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962149,0.002170933,0.0002201773,0.000970159,0.0002382712,0.0001855803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004015259,0.0001006047,0.01692295,4.540226e-7,0.000007689634,0.00004298143,0.00004549097,0.0001454256,0.00001191995,0.0008386689,0.05562828,0.9262515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001859765,0.00003173315,0.02115716,0.000002746326,0.000005687837,0.00002520689,0.0002035661,0.0006178601,0.000491907,0.06255027,0.9145651,0.0001627617],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8644384,0.0005891381,0.0005872285,0.00211067,0.001208565,0.00005721321,0.00002664789,0.00004148295,0.1309407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848081,0.00003715849,0.001835833,0.0003618085,0.0001880176,0.000005761498,0.000004440463,0.00001130381,0.01274751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9260888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4644787090694801,"score_gpt":0.4465102090638353,"score_spread":0.01796850000564482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}