{"id":"W4240270054","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-11854-9_1","title":"Introduction","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"African history and culture studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Colonialism; Political science; Foreign policy; Corporate governance; Development economics; Poverty; History; Political economy; Sociology; Law; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005790394,0.0006855675,0.000414394,0.001626951,0.001608541,0.003736609,0.001296947,0.00156831,0.6201499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001891547,0.0002542051,0.0004243883,0.00148271,0.0006286693,0.002551781,0.002077229,0.001657344,0.4525102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001573341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002208127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004258783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007015817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995065,0.00006864031,0.00001761718,0.00009709755,0.0002494082,0.00006076511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994042,0.00009627338,0.00002045211,0.00008018086,0.0002858112,0.000113049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001507591,0.00002743854,0.00007027181,0.0001210225,0.00000119833,0.00003769793,0.0001386441,0.00006906777,0.0002108177,0.03575473,0.8393881,0.124166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.984626e-7,0.000002905657,0.00005335239,0.00004528015,4.000016e-7,0.00001603816,0.00003819343,0.000009777868,0.00003572205,0.002241235,0.9975548,0.000001291732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002477826,0.001541582,0.001705152,0.002533152,0.003679689,0.0001069491,0.001351632,0.0003837476,0.9884503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007416444,0.0007801968,0.0005439571,0.000692684,0.0004405893,0.00004734879,0.0006804608,0.0001069732,0.9959661],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6201499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01809455780057395,"score_gpt":0.2434487734247965,"score_spread":0.2253542156242226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}