{"id":"W4241061140","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.22.6.284","title":"Pricing Drugs","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Health Affairs","topic":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Fraser Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Per capita; Medical prescription; Reimbursement; Prescription drug; Health care; Cost sharing; Harm; Business; Actuarial science; Economics; Medicine; Political science; Finance; Economic growth; Environmental health; Population; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00225311,0.0008075605,0.001111832,0.000303057,0.0009092469,0.00004590341,0.0006435266,0.005327463,0.008111598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002137444,0.0008237572,0.0003072227,0.000499371,0.0003353954,0.000127421,0.0001128887,0.02387642,0.002117035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008707442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001852838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001236856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001354978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9915106,0.00295529,0.00120535,0.001043607,0.0005693308,0.002715769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960248,0.001230477,0.0006404575,0.0006207013,0.0001197723,0.001363764],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005021695,0.00009187149,0.0001092243,0.001772761,0.0001182452,0.0004086964,0.0006702248,0.000008250519,0.00000712124,0.0002538075,0.9778623,0.0186473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009497125,0.0001653347,0.000009687518,0.0001265208,0.0001011056,0.0001062662,0.0005366519,0.0001350488,0.0001721673,0.0004298796,0.9965776,0.0006900585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001071789,0.005088819,0.00002565655,0.90237,0.006403454,0.00130079,0.0002592099,0.0003811767,0.08406368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003291008,0.003369106,0.000182499,0.9719018,0.007109551,0.0001873216,0.0005123568,0.0001597679,0.01328659],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07077709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4209397198946074,"score_gpt":0.5534135887291893,"score_spread":0.132473868834582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}