{"id":"W4241334353","doi":"10.3138/cpp.35.4.389","title":"Taxes, Transfers, and Canadian Income Inequality","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Undoing; Labour economics; Transfer payment; Inequality; Gross income; Income distribution; Economic inequality; State income tax; Income tax; Income inequality metrics; Tax reform; Public economics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006120959,0.0001532166,0.0001773553,0.0008385978,0.001005658,0.0003044164,0.0003841479,0.000236991,0.00009423622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003906148,0.000176774,0.00004574256,0.001049251,0.0002555835,0.0003231873,0.000006360711,0.00019405,0.00002394904],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001555245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02096031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9981015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979026,0.0001541805,0.000190163,0.0002678156,0.0002093258,0.001275931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955661,0.00002751564,0.00002648965,0.0002557985,0.0001096245,0.004014432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[6.135566e-7,0.000007137737,0.06803438,0.00000430817,0.00001121095,0.00001923631,0.007499437,4.009523e-7,0.000002850803,0.8959116,0.006164443,0.02234441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001911731,0.00002986829,0.511663,0.000004568565,0.000005496637,0.000003239442,0.0022725,0.00001917702,2.786882e-7,0.01508855,0.4704534,0.0002686767],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6296673,0.0002359087,0.00002471154,0.131181,0.0002692154,0.0003094036,0.0009778566,0.00007628623,0.2372583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827889,0.0001758707,0.00004768572,0.01493219,0.0004747919,0.000004885187,0.00003616215,0.00001157901,0.001527977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.880823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9845899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02675285249187233,"score_gpt":0.2816017451127977,"score_spread":0.2548488926209254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}