{"id":"W4242546425","doi":"10.1002/9780470012505.tat008","title":"Time of Ruin","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science","topic":"Probability and Risk Models","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Ruin theory; First-hitting-time model; Mathematics; Moment (physics); Value (mathematics); Discrete time and continuous time; Applied mathematics; Mathematical economics; Statistics; Risk model; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001717301,0.0002953626,0.000567729,0.0007950072,0.0005556041,0.002716511,0.0007545667,0.001055231,0.007935178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01032241,0.0001544337,0.0004330137,0.0004924093,0.00115284,0.002679291,0.00157475,0.001817497,0.0006805343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008227489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005334543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00114928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005914439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985329,0.0004214802,0.00008225934,0.0002790201,0.0004895627,0.0001948044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955101,0.001968765,0.001041314,0.0005534344,0.0005375448,0.0003887255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004943415,0.00006473994,0.01157396,0.0001851069,0.00009693448,0.001070878,0.0006620066,0.06237976,0.003714782,0.8620998,0.006653054,0.05100463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003815013,0.0003244669,0.01916743,0.0002893019,0.00007963637,0.001724601,0.0007823744,0.2341655,0.003752306,0.6805311,0.05902826,0.0001167908],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.407007,0.007158113,0.4055149,0.008192772,0.001511378,0.0001192658,0.002298431,0.001015621,0.1671825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990416,0.0005097133,0.002052916,0.00009460786,0.0001629061,0.00001440276,0.0001547962,0.00003304582,0.006561513],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007935178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02654576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0336116276071077,"score_gpt":0.33446876536874,"score_spread":0.3008571377616323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}