{"id":"W4243724325","doi":"10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01653.x","title":"CHARACTER SHIFTS IN THE DEFENSIVE ARMOR OF SYMPATRIC STICKLEBACKS","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evolution","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Sympatric speciation; Allopatric speciation; Sympatry; Character displacement; Biology; Stickleback; Gasterosteus; Ecology; Predation; Disruptive selection; Zoology; Natural selection; Population; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001561443,0.0001815915,0.0001433472,0.0005653648,0.0003104616,0.0002847345,0.000137043,0.0001987733,0.0009262749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004447541,0.0001108201,0.0001238451,0.0002270932,0.0002996692,0.000186248,0.0004274,0.0002495764,0.00009703857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002504197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001071839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003146574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01278882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998825,0.00001732733,0.00001170883,0.00003787641,0.00002766909,0.00002293712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995448,0.00005377749,0.0002307703,0.00003656089,0.00004422392,0.00008980596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002416149,0.00004711207,0.8256528,0.00003962746,0.0000842097,0.0001829917,0.0007934585,0.0001112357,0.165476,0.00006128408,0.00004731838,0.007262259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.19374e-7,0.00002616445,0.9994523,7.049179e-7,0.000002308308,0.000052276,0.00007300622,0.00003661896,0.0003232819,0.00000729003,0.00002391955,0.000001212701],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998393,0.00002120975,0.00002633088,0.00000230318,2.714349e-7,9.760977e-7,0.00001587299,9.595672e-7,0.00009269443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997464,0.00001383956,0.00007450519,0.000008307,7.541084e-7,0.000002882757,0.00006779708,8.91781e-7,0.00008469246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003146574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006256521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005892975178229163,"score_gpt":0.2115318779589623,"score_spread":0.2056389027807331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}