{"id":"W4244242158","doi":"10.7287/peerj.preprints.1676","title":"The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Flapping; Wing; Bird flight; Extant taxon; Range (aeronautics); Takeoff; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005289253,0.0004561767,0.000434436,0.001770587,0.0008571727,0.001843759,0.001405731,0.0007782636,0.007632926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01062302,0.0001682143,0.0006863278,0.0008582224,0.004140894,0.001546789,0.001251168,0.0008236243,0.0004440704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001032469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005664971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001130321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001149699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991118,0.0003946957,0.00004998606,0.0002108089,0.0001489728,0.00008364146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9867294,0.009745158,0.001615091,0.0004863145,0.0007245184,0.0006994592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009509898,0.000308932,0.8076594,0.0007231362,0.0004327331,0.001110146,0.004593948,0.01662613,0.00570823,0.07308208,0.0007235273,0.0880807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007595952,0.00168528,0.7355562,0.0004056306,0.0003864948,0.001471836,0.01017314,0.1509504,0.001309156,0.09374441,0.004173089,0.00006830267],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9732683,0.001474194,0.01157001,0.0009932457,0.00003824546,0.0000542844,0.0001258635,0.00002519211,0.01245059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974565,0.0001904615,0.002000198,0.0000521364,0.00003344024,0.00001345599,0.00005860081,0.000006038335,0.0001892746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007632926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02797258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04472279437395212,"score_gpt":0.2767500590287998,"score_spread":0.2320272646548477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}