{"id":"W4244736495","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14654379","title":"Underworld : the immigrant crime link in Canadian society","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Criminalization; Racialization; Criminology; Sociology; Politics; Political science; Political economy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001055055,0.0005662005,0.0002814375,0.002109565,0.04251893,0.007620449,0.001554932,0.001704587,0.007803681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002762678,0.0002227188,0.0003130232,0.003322505,0.01548494,0.002928604,0.00471813,0.002977801,0.0002676338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.08147451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07148792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9858786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9926586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985008,0.0003726002,0.00002421784,0.000119896,0.0003452352,0.000637307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988882,0.0003225926,0.0001153909,0.00005543236,0.0003135206,0.0003049394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030547,0.00002896717,0.009556086,0.00009293021,0.000006401864,0.001750052,0.8489279,0.000262745,0.0003512941,0.1023804,0.02399947,0.01261332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003728193,0.00001304694,0.008837438,0.0001269108,0.00001055007,0.000323497,0.833851,0.0002572369,0.0001805996,0.002457451,0.1539015,0.00003702139],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7252232,0.001512872,0.00158906,0.03189153,0.0003440374,0.0001265136,0.001038226,0.00006875493,0.2382058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.975383,0.0007962069,0.0005380017,0.001040528,0.00002750989,0.00003389804,0.0001288672,0.00003165716,0.02202033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08147451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5911417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03366818414221318,"score_gpt":0.2993227083004472,"score_spread":0.265654524158234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}