{"id":"W4245836024","doi":"10.22215/timreview857","title":"University Spinoffs: What, Why, and How?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technology Innovation Management Review","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Economic geography; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007272784,0.00006574835,0.0001160965,0.0002574452,0.0002254003,0.00005085945,0.0001876997,0.00005838495,0.0001041261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007033327,0.00006914217,0.00001045402,0.002195454,0.0001483353,0.000372251,0.00007060483,0.00006506201,0.00005589791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007209978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002734263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001300598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002252217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993683,0.000052094,0.0001101177,0.0001762657,0.0001567902,0.0001364319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995354,0.00001055362,0.0001324864,0.00017214,0.0001327597,0.00001669902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[2.371481e-7,0.000007272454,0.0008000776,0.0001294151,0.000008092737,6.19535e-7,0.0000519723,9.603643e-9,0.000001159835,0.7151369,0.04015584,0.2437084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008053471,0.000006927247,0.00158882,0.0004977492,0.00001450969,2.992121e-7,0.0009221383,3.610967e-7,0.000004511257,0.005994691,0.9908094,0.00007999888],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01613741,0.02498208,0.01127622,0.8180588,0.0007338322,0.001513569,8.313893e-7,0.0007107642,0.1265865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1033011,0.8015234,0.0157072,0.03351711,0.0001234658,0.00005381565,0.00002387803,0.00001610505,0.0457339],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9506536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2819536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01734603807765036,"score_gpt":0.2899385444613195,"score_spread":0.2725925063836692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}