{"id":"W4246401766","doi":"10.1002/9781118445112.stat05095","title":"Bias, Overview","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online","topic":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretation (philosophy); Computer science; Data science; Data collection; Statistics; Information retrieval; Data mining; Econometrics; Mathematics; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003618743,0.0008244253,0.001469056,0.000662446,0.0001549775,0.0004201343,0.002264283,0.0005168813,0.04091154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005732163,0.0005922994,0.0001799308,0.0007391683,0.0003820341,0.00009005169,0.0004053061,0.0008045294,0.00711196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001443893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003982939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004755308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003579229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9897752,0.0009205295,0.001939776,0.001606516,0.004962682,0.0007952511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929027,0.001723633,0.001626523,0.002540091,0.000769806,0.0004372758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001540689,0.0002705394,0.0003472607,0.0001392046,0.00006466842,0.00001524579,0.00003138718,0.0000166996,0.000007177812,0.01892051,0.8720167,0.1081552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004257789,0.0002142184,0.0004453904,0.0007132859,0.00007736386,0.000002521115,0.00007018656,0.0005470203,0.000002793182,0.057296,0.9395368,0.0006686482],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000700524,0.01286808,0.3437956,0.001257685,0.004589828,0.002245484,0.08190979,0.0007213057,0.5525422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001773422,0.01271255,0.1285997,0.001246826,0.0009024832,0.00004703107,0.00347236,0.0004979027,0.8523437],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2998015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4000222170134486,"score_gpt":0.4419222680146705,"score_spread":0.04190005100122191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}