{"id":"W4246446931","doi":"10.1115/1.2812949","title":"Transition Mechanisms in Separation Bubbles Under Low- and Elevated-Freestream Turbulence","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Turbomachinery","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Freestream; Turbulence; Boundary layer; Instability; Mechanics; Laminar flow; Adverse pressure gradient; Physics; Flow separation; Direct numerical simulation; Classical mechanics; Reynolds number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002007421,0.0001409601,0.0002044287,0.0002134154,0.00002365694,0.00004284982,0.00008890217,0.00008490557,0.000008819472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009375562,0.0001214294,0.00006041715,0.0001359825,0.00001049815,0.0003067377,0.000004653014,0.0002609672,0.000001621874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005819413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001539913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009119174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002343756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999191,0.00002280783,0.0003714731,0.00008695165,0.0001746658,0.0001531387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997159,0.0000241988,0.00006559359,0.00008508145,0.00003683912,0.00007234699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004751523,0.00007962462,0.00008499901,0.00003930931,0.00002597275,0.00007182689,0.0002651448,0.9432943,0.05094114,0.001564973,0.0001923259,0.003392806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000786831,0.0001950555,0.01637261,0.000181179,0.000022755,0.0002033298,0.00002173309,0.9676493,0.001663926,0.0127023,0.00001913145,0.0001818413],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979543,0.0008609152,0.01874238,0.0003555776,0.0002481476,0.00006523884,0.000004353514,0.00003449879,0.0001459409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976591,0.0004007411,0.001667187,0.000147454,0.00009017536,6.681186e-7,0.000005470017,0.00001301891,0.00001614734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04927722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4951747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003884758173443199,"score_gpt":0.2101397992269188,"score_spread":0.2062550410534756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}