{"id":"W4246475656","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-0272-5_1","title":"Introduction","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Analog circuits and signal processing/Analog circuits and signal processing series","topic":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Radio over fiber; Photonics; Transmission (telecommunications); Radio frequency; Modulation (music); Distortion (music); SIGNAL (programming language); Electronic engineering; Nonlinear distortion; RF power amplifier; Laser; Electrical engineering; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Materials science; Engineering; Optics; Physics; Acoustics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000755848,0.001411248,0.001612816,0.0006225026,0.001236366,0.0008474883,0.0005916186,0.0009482699,0.0006166164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002170482,0.001407043,0.0002122206,0.0003156722,0.0009402059,0.002034852,0.0001790779,0.001596052,0.00004636088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002237862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003159807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001885976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004501192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952444,0.00007226925,0.00148992,0.001267696,0.0008294698,0.001096273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973059,0.000125352,0.0007498261,0.0006451648,0.0005985607,0.0005752275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001712707,0.00004716123,0.00010094,0.003342422,0.0003131776,0.00003157959,0.001964847,0.0004079782,0.003249227,0.0104962,0.001249177,0.9787802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001703894,0.0006327595,0.0005396607,0.004369962,0.001631109,0.00241339,0.001267556,0.01149045,0.001286441,0.05490422,0.9130938,0.006666752],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001848248,0.5558018,0.0617263,0.0009256845,0.0009679751,0.002197413,0.0003600078,0.002888681,0.3732839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9582531,0.006087421,0.0001256003,0.0001965679,0.002266304,0.00008026715,0.0002897654,0.0003957028,0.03230529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9721134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0185496302549598,"score_gpt":0.2232238999396417,"score_spread":0.2046742696846819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}