{"id":"W4246476594","doi":"10.1002/9781119549345.ch1","title":"The Concept of Probability","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley series in probability and statistics","topic":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Limit (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Probability theory; Reliability (semiconductor); Outcome (game theory); Coin flipping; Process (computing); Applied probability; Mathematics; Mathematical economics; Statistics; Engineering; Geography; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006673854,0.001815467,0.002165035,0.006012816,0.003143794,0.01049705,0.00258945,0.005047641,0.01416138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01293959,0.0007898773,0.002012599,0.004442772,0.02352155,0.01784742,0.00475518,0.008641314,0.004983043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005451645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003080926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002419948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008399752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903182,0.00349186,0.0006996923,0.002083755,0.002960489,0.0004460791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9886734,0.007989557,0.0006524042,0.00123138,0.001078085,0.0003752711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003535492,0.000003606634,0.00004095827,0.00006917898,0.00000690989,0.0000302175,0.0001299021,0.0002783635,0.00004805842,0.9917451,0.002650142,0.004993969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003812156,0.00001371902,0.00007612665,0.0001783757,0.000007516927,0.0001667302,0.00009494846,0.0009456594,0.00007563803,0.8874631,0.1109589,0.00001541697],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005678435,0.1107153,0.5177162,0.03249531,0.00728887,0.0002542833,0.001451974,0.0006095497,0.3237901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.410304,0.1414358,0.3022286,0.02366167,0.02762331,0.001925023,0.001786977,0.0009166144,0.09011795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01416138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04737455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04721272677147289,"score_gpt":0.3003915287566367,"score_spread":0.2531788019851638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}