{"id":"W4246476594","doi":"10.1002/9781119549345.ch1","title":"The Concept of Probability","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley series in probability and statistics","topic":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Limit (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Probability theory; Reliability (semiconductor); Outcome (game theory); Coin flipping; Process (computing); Applied probability; Mathematics; Mathematical economics; Statistics; Engineering; Geography; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003223509,0.0003568988,0.0008547285,0.0001347863,0.00009662902,0.0001246537,0.00089619,0.0003595582,0.0003082312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01127031,0.0002215706,0.00007564506,0.0004190533,0.002092932,0.00008814545,0.0002960288,0.0004007937,0.00003196267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006708159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003029606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001391217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007928078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996247,0.0004804113,0.001215914,0.0007650314,0.0009062924,0.0003853632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937543,0.003828344,0.0005437068,0.001521684,0.0002549112,0.00009708531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008874452,0.00009765931,0.00160477,0.0003527496,0.00003677412,0.000004227426,0.0004966594,0.0006989044,0.000001445031,0.7146575,0.2558708,0.02608982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000269073,0.0001721514,0.0006516592,0.0002394422,0.0000202114,0.000005232707,0.0001457723,0.0008918118,0.000006387982,0.6089305,0.3883757,0.0002920833],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003763195,0.0250628,0.6207317,0.001460755,0.007090491,0.01014897,0.009630857,0.0004485525,0.3250496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005096542,0.002337408,0.3062169,0.00006713529,0.0002404431,0.0001997809,0.00007830624,0.0003657987,0.6853977],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3603481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04721272677147289,"score_gpt":0.3003915287566367,"score_spread":0.2531788019851638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}