{"id":"W4246982505","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2222960","title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Credit Ratings","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Corporate social responsibility; Credit rating; Accounting; Actuarial science; Public relations; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002614614,0.0001912202,0.0002971094,0.0008519462,0.0004718337,0.002573189,0.0003142087,0.001293302,0.01164474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03648443,0.0001300908,0.0002422111,0.00134658,0.00126651,0.001858905,0.0006650355,0.001501623,0.0008203005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00113919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006993248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00735544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008902986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981279,0.001035142,0.0001061521,0.0001558037,0.0003419046,0.0002332256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9505135,0.02543975,0.01456824,0.001489393,0.004476751,0.003512303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007341514,0.0006247777,0.6198283,0.0001556329,0.0002331861,0.0006349513,0.002240008,0.01198562,0.0003233979,0.2467002,0.02384444,0.09269534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001216533,0.000323089,0.5822567,0.0001828046,0.000109391,0.0005409778,0.003459828,0.03080508,0.0003618965,0.3598317,0.02191304,0.0000936479],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8676115,0.003962959,0.007628772,0.01573176,0.0002111866,0.00004624754,0.0006223493,0.00006752989,0.1041176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952852,0.0003037187,0.0001354034,0.00007386046,0.0001031021,0.000004228773,0.00006435838,0.000004470518,0.00402558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01164474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03895557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0198150245825649,"score_gpt":0.2082356746752951,"score_spread":0.1884206500927302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}