{"id":"W4246982505","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2222960","title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Credit Ratings","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Corporate social responsibility; Credit rating; Accounting; Actuarial science; Public relations; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002025677,0.0001374379,0.0002824853,0.0001515275,0.0003722797,0.0001514966,0.0001673364,0.0001043362,0.0002347163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001659468,0.0001464545,0.00008496016,0.0002134823,0.00008944352,0.0005087115,0.00004765857,0.0009845626,0.0002487194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004993093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003800998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002743477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001258018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976775,0.0000292736,0.0004526494,0.0002757036,0.00004268351,0.001522159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991675,0.00003280208,0.0005066573,0.0001364252,0.00008754895,0.00006904895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003973992,0.00003568425,0.06930576,0.00000842701,0.00005056227,0.0000032806,0.0003733497,0.000002552022,0.0000249252,0.9196898,0.0009755358,0.009490353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005225953,0.0001681335,0.07221302,0.000002532172,0.000003904207,0.00007211608,0.0009565399,0.0002737678,0.000006797877,0.921794,0.003811553,0.0001750205],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869344,0.003819922,0.00205314,0.002832768,0.0001477942,0.0001507707,0.000005389631,0.00002265558,0.004033129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911003,0.0008297605,0.0001103368,0.0002066123,0.0003503992,0.00001373778,0.000002482263,0.00001955054,0.007366802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009315332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5972242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0198150245825649,"score_gpt":0.2082356746752951,"score_spread":0.1884206500927302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}