{"id":"W4247353073","doi":"10.1002/9781118663202.wberen197","title":"Profiling, Racial","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Profiling (computer programming); Racial profiling; Criminology; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Gender studies; Race (biology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003606919,0.0003367918,0.0003003663,0.002263015,0.004946929,0.005082361,0.0006444732,0.001367248,0.01519992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01147636,0.0001132452,0.0001503601,0.003520537,0.008674124,0.00660737,0.004110874,0.001991795,0.001601499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001843291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003849616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008564183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01160543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969323,0.001620693,0.0001270913,0.0003507685,0.0006434201,0.000325771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970798,0.0009696883,0.0006104248,0.0002737041,0.0004270354,0.0006392587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003261841,0.00009379281,0.009981798,0.0004956541,0.00000829599,0.0002031348,0.04544411,0.000146152,0.0001562641,0.6247985,0.07145325,0.2471864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006735177,0.00006350438,0.01978015,0.001403165,0.00001485325,0.0009995145,0.07900193,0.0002230091,0.0001482676,0.2052176,0.6931136,0.00002765621],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.06364085,0.07941554,0.007192366,0.1256711,0.005234689,0.0001331079,0.0003031832,0.000109548,0.7182997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8142654,0.07508786,0.006139045,0.02460277,0.003994473,0.0002331329,0.0002300352,0.0001056646,0.07534159],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01519992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05084884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03497954099433456,"score_gpt":0.3503305129999458,"score_spread":0.3153509720056112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}