{"id":"W4247801608","doi":"10.1109/tse.2021.3109563","title":"Analyzing Android Taint Analysis Tools: FlowDroid, Amandroid, and DroidSafe","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Rendering (computer graphics); Android (operating system); Set (abstract data type); Data mining; Information retrieval; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001893334,0.0002920515,0.0003880092,0.0007043415,0.0002249017,0.0002620155,0.0003086098,0.000123464,0.00003197791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000689829,0.0003383103,0.0002564641,0.002337074,0.0000265254,0.000869441,0.00001273878,0.0004185692,0.00000970189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001178104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004433752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009231891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002720818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982561,0.0000339415,0.000355326,0.0006957612,0.0002688276,0.0003899678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998604,0.0002473409,0.00006436796,0.0007443289,0.0001481808,0.0001917569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001479769,0.0001384639,0.0002948202,0.00008247844,0.0008667075,0.0002422686,0.0003524517,0.829439,0.00865847,0.000834199,0.00002878289,0.1590476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008161447,0.0001895345,0.002384766,0.000126029,0.0004900394,0.0003483007,0.00006864479,0.4999617,0.4909221,0.0004037007,0.002870798,0.00141824],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01376532,0.0002770131,0.9835922,0.00007722881,0.0003581576,0.0001177828,0.00001713504,0.00177914,0.00001603039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6745551,0.0001577347,0.3249791,0.00006470305,0.00002751657,0.00005333485,0.000003258978,0.00002842706,0.0001308544],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6607898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008880119046626464,"score_gpt":0.2199095884629682,"score_spread":0.2110294694163417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}