{"id":"W4248621555","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-04360-8_9","title":"Approximate Neutrality of Large-Z Ions","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Neutrality; Ion; Computer science; Physics; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008310771,0.000561448,0.0006279965,0.0006543965,0.0004728445,0.0009222653,0.001701659,0.0004918843,0.005943706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003949235,0.0002453962,0.0004525019,0.0005073589,0.0009163683,0.00349703,0.001242993,0.0009417564,0.001572312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007205521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003453189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007004504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007426285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999783,0.00005303874,0.000008313597,0.00003667502,0.0000961843,0.00002279887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999517,0.0002492992,0.00002985097,0.00009154289,0.00008205742,0.00003021414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000993428,0.00002139765,0.0005503694,0.0001982411,0.00002130549,0.00008249564,0.0000960065,0.0648061,0.004046863,0.8761708,0.006317526,0.04758951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001390972,0.0000248014,0.0002907681,0.00002678108,0.00001290254,0.0001493685,0.00003145952,0.2685211,0.002508241,0.713687,0.01471928,0.0000142964],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04863155,0.00436092,0.8168133,0.0009495547,0.0005983561,0.00007633828,0.000372091,0.000834916,0.1273629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6764889,0.006554403,0.2483288,0.0008247114,0.0005732652,0.0002753434,0.0006927152,0.0009597081,0.06530218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005943706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01988369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0254761452117066,"score_gpt":0.2695093854100256,"score_spread":0.244033240198319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}